Molecular Cytogenetics is a distinct field within genetics that merges traditional cytogenetic approaches with molecular biology techniques to examine chromosomes with enhanced precision. This discipline is essential for identifying and characterizing chromosomal abnormalities—such as deletions, duplications, translocations, and aneuploidies—that may not be detectable through standard karyotyping methods. By integrating cytogenetics with molecular genetics, Molecular Cytogenetics plays a pivotal role in both diagnostic and research contexts.